Neuroscience-backed clinical guides on anxiety, depression, adult ADHD, migraine biology, stress resilience, and sleep architecture.
Mental Health & Sleep ScienceChronic psychological stress leads to continuous activation of the HPA axis leading to increased glucocorticoids which cause neuroinflammation throughout the body. Solutions exist within neurobiology such as physiological sighing, MBSR and exercise in zone 2 to help restore parasympathetic autonomic control.
Mental Health & Sleep ScienceAn obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic breathing disorder that occurs during sleep. It results in repeated obstruction of the upper respiratory tract causing desaturation, increased sympathetic activation and disrupted sleep at night. Describe the STOP-Bang tool, levels of severity of OSA (based on AHI), CPAP adherence and the cardiovascular consequences (hypertension, AFib, stroke).
Mental Health & Sleep ScienceHeadache is one of the most common neurological complaints and often leads to overuse of medications when migraines are misdiagnosed as tension headaches. This review will look at the pathophysiology of the trigeminovascular system, sensory aura mechanisms, diagnostic criteria (ICHD-3), acute abortive medications (triptans/gepants) and current CGRP monoclonal antibody therapies.
Mental Health & Sleep ScienceThe major depressive disorder (MDD) is a debilitating neuropsychiatric condition involving persistent depressive symptoms, anhedonia and cognitive-affective dysfunction. This essay will explore the current neurobiological mechanisms involved in MDD such as neuroinflammation, HPA axis dysfunction, synaptic atrophy due to BDNF, and evidence based psychological therapy.
Mental Health & Sleep ScienceAttention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder of the executive functioning system of the brain. It affects around 4-5% of the adult population. This article will look at the neurobiology of the prefrontal dopaminergic and noradrenergic systems, symptoms of ADHD related executive dysfunction in adults, and diagnostic assessments (ASRS v1.1). As well as medical and behavioural treatments.
Mental Health & Sleep ScienceThe phrases 'panic attack' and 'anxiety attack' are often used interchangeably. This article will explore the differences between them. It will look at the fight or flight response, DSM 5 diagnosis criteria, hyperventilation and hypocapnia and techniques to ground yourself.
Mental Health & Sleep ScienceHuman sleep is orchestrated by two fundamental biological forces: the homeostatic sleep drive (Process S - adenosine accumulation) and the endogenous circadian clock (Process C - master suprachiasmatic nucleus pacemakers). Explore the cellular mechanics of sleep architecture, ultradian 90-minute cycling, the glymphatic waste clearance system, and circadian photobiology optimization protocols.
